Dynamics

The field of power system dynamics studies the behaviour and interaction of key power system components, such as generators, motors, and the network, after being subject to disturbances. The discipline spans a wide range of timescales, from microseconds (for electromagnetic wave phenomena), over seconds (for electromechanical phenomena), and up to hours (for thermodynamic phenomena), intersecting with the disciplines of control systems and power electronics. The primary objective is to ensure system stability and resilience, thus preventing blackouts and achieving reliable energy delivery.

With the ongoing paradigm shift towards renewable generation and the emergence of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), the dynamics of the power system are changing in a way that might pose new challenges to operators. This calls for a rethinking of well-established concepts, such as voltage and frequency control, synchronization, and the ability of the generators to withstand faults and support the grid.

A myriad of mathematical tools can be used to address these challenges. To analyze the dynamic performance of a power system under large disturbances, we solve a set of nonlinear differential and algebraic equations. In the case of small disturbances, the system can be represented by a linearized set of equations. When analyzing very fast transients of transmission lines, rotating machines, and power converters, we use electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulations. For slower dynamics, e.g., electromechanical oscillations of generators after a disturbance, phasor-approximation simulations will suffice. Furthermore, several concepts from advanced control theory can be applied in the context of power systems. Some examples include control algorithms for maintaining frequency, voltage, and rotor angle stability to ensure the security of the power grid.

In our research, we develop computationally efficient, scalable, and resilient algorithms for the analysis, control, and monitoring of future power grids.